why does my jaw click when i chew

3 min read 16-04-2025

Many people experience a clicking jaw, but it's important to understand the potential causes and when to seek professional help. This article explores the reasons behind jaw clicking, particularly when chewing, and what you can do about it.

Common Causes of Jaw Clicking While Chewing

A clicking jaw during chewing is often associated with temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders. The TMJ connects your jawbone to your skull, and problems in this joint are a frequent culprit.

1. Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) Disorders

TMJ disorders encompass a range of conditions affecting the jaw joint and surrounding muscles. The clicking sound often arises from the articular disc, a cartilage cushion between the jawbone and skull. Misalignment or damage to this disc can cause it to slip or pop during jaw movement, resulting in a clicking noise.

Disc Displacement: This is a common cause. The disc shifts out of its normal position, causing clicking, popping, or even locking of the jaw. It might be accompanied by pain.
Inflammation: Inflammation of the joint (synovitis) can also cause clicking and pain. This inflammation can be due to overuse, injury, or arthritis.
Degeneration: Over time, the TMJ joint can degenerate, leading to wear and tear on the cartilage. This can result in clicking, grinding, and pain.

2. Muscle Problems

Muscles surrounding the TMJ play a vital role in jaw movement. Problems in these muscles can also lead to clicking.

Muscle Spasms: Tight or spasming muscles can pull on the jaw joint, leading to a clicking sensation. Stress, clenching, and grinding are often contributors.
Myofascial Pain Syndrome: This involves pain in the muscles and fascia (connective tissue) of the face and jaw. Clicking may be present along with pain and limited jaw movement.

3. Other Potential Causes

While TMJ disorders are the most common cause, other factors can contribute to jaw clicking:

Arthritis: Osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis can affect the TMJ joint, causing clicking, pain, and stiffness.
Injury: A direct blow to the jaw or a fracture can damage the joint and lead to clicking.
Jaw Misalignment (Malocclusion): An improper bite can strain the TMJ joint and cause clicking. This often involves an uneven arrangement of teeth.

When to See a Doctor or Dentist

If your jaw clicking is accompanied by any of the following, seek professional medical attention:

Severe Pain: Persistent or intense pain in the jaw, ear, or face.
Locking Jaw: Inability to open or close your mouth fully.
Headaches: Frequent headaches or migraines.
Earaches: Pain or ringing in the ears.
Facial Swelling: Swelling or tenderness in the face.
Limited Jaw Movement: Difficulty opening or closing your mouth widely.

Diagnosing the Cause of Jaw Clicking

A dentist or oral surgeon specializing in TMJ disorders can accurately diagnose the cause of your jaw clicking. They will likely perform a physical exam, reviewing your medical history and possibly ordering imaging tests such as X-rays or MRI scans.

Treatment Options for Jaw Clicking

Treatment for jaw clicking depends on the underlying cause. Options can include:

Self-Care Measures: Applying ice or heat packs, practicing gentle jaw exercises, and managing stress through techniques like meditation or yoga can provide relief. Avoid chewing gum, hard candies, and other foods that strain the jaw.
Medications: Pain relievers (such as ibuprofen or naproxen) or muscle relaxants may be prescribed to alleviate pain and muscle spasms.
Splints or Mouthguards: These devices can help realign the jaw and protect the TMJ joint. Night guards, in particular, can help reduce clenching and grinding during sleep.
Physical Therapy: A physical therapist can teach you exercises to strengthen jaw muscles and improve jaw joint mobility.
Surgery: In severe cases, surgery might be necessary to repair damage to the TMJ joint. This is a last resort.

Preventing Jaw Clicking

While not all cases are preventable, you can take steps to reduce your risk:

Manage Stress: Stress can exacerbate TMJ disorders. Practice stress-reducing techniques.
Maintain Good Posture: Poor posture can strain your jaw and neck muscles.
Avoid Clenching and Grinding: Be mindful of clenching or grinding your teeth, especially during stressful situations.
Eat Soft Foods: When experiencing pain, opt for soft, easy-to-chew foods to reduce strain on the TMJ.

Remember, a clicking jaw is not always a serious issue. However, understanding the potential causes and seeking professional help when necessary can prevent complications and ensure effective management. Your dentist or doctor can provide a personalized diagnosis and treatment plan to alleviate your discomfort and restore proper jaw function.